Computer - Data and Information

Computer - Data and Information

Data can be described as a illustration of information, concepts, or instructions in a formalized way, which ought to be appropriate for communication, interpretation, or processing through human or digital machine.

Data is represented with the assist of characters such as alphabets (A-Z, a-z), digits (zero-nine) or special characters (+,-,/,*,<,>,= and so forth.)

What is Information?

Information is prepared or categorized statistics, which has some significant values for the receiver. Information is the processed statistics on which choices and actions are based.

For the choice to be meaningful, the processed facts ought to qualify for the subsequent characteristics −

Timely − Information must be available while required.

Accuracy − Information ought to be accurate.

Completeness − Information need to be whole.

 

Data Processing Cycle

Data processing is the re-structuring or re-ordering of information by people or system to boom their usefulness and upload values for a selected cause. Data processing consists of the subsequent primary steps - enter, processing, and output. These three steps constitute the facts processing cycle.

Input − In this step, the input information is prepared in a few convenient form for processing. The form will depend on the processing device. For instance, while electronic computers are used, the input statistics can be recorded on someone of the numerous kinds of enter medium, together with magnetic disks, tapes, and so forth.

Processing − In this step, the input statistics is changed to provide statistics in a greater useful form. For instance, pay-exams may be calculated from the time cards, or a precis of income for the month can be calculated from the sales orders.

Output − At this level, the result of the proceeding processing step is accrued. The specific shape of the output facts depends on using the records. For example, output facts may be pay-exams for personnel. 

Computer - Networking

A laptop community is a gadget wherein multiple computers are related to each different to proportion information and resources.

Characteristics of a Computer Network

Share resources from one laptop to another.

Create documents and keep them in one computer, get entry to the ones documents from the other laptop(s) related over the community.

Connect a printer, scanner, or a fax system to 1 pc in the community and allow other computers of the community use the machines to be had over the community.

Following is the list of hardware's required to installation a pc community.

Network Cables

Distributors

Routers

Internal Network Cards

External Network Cards

Network Cables

Network cables are used to attach computers. The maximum generally used cable is Category five cable RJ-45.

Distributors

A pc may be related to any other one through a serial port however if we need to attach many computer systems to supply a community, this serial connection will no longer work.

The solution is to apply a primary frame to which different computers, printers, scanners, and so on. May be related and then this body will manipulate or distribute network traffic.

Router

A router is a sort of device which acts because the crucial point amongst computers and different gadgets that are a part of the community. It is equipped with holes called ports. Computers and other devices are connected to a router the use of community cables. Now-a-days router is available in wireless modes the use of which computers may be connected with none physical cable.

Network Card

Network card is a vital issue of a pc with out which a computer can not be linked over a community. It is likewise referred to as the community adapter or Network Interface Card (NIC). Most branded computer systems have community card pre-mounted. Network cards are of two kinds: Internal and External Network Cards.

Internal Network Cards

Motherboard has a slot for internal network card wherein it is to be inserted. Internal network cards are of two sorts wherein the first type uses Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) connection, while the second one kind uses Industry Standard Architecture (ISA). Network cables are required to provide network access.

External Network Cards

External community playing cards are of two kinds: Wireless and USB based. Wireless community card needs to be inserted into the motherboard, but no community cable is required to connect to the community.

Universal Serial Bus (USB)

USB card is simple to apply and connects through USB port. Computers automatically stumble on USB card and may deploy the drivers required to support the USB community card routinely.